銆愭�傝堪銆戙��

銆�銆�楂栭棞绡�(ji茅)绲愭�嬬��(w臎n)鍥�锛屽繀闋堟湁寮峰ぇ鐨勫�栧姏鎵嶈兘寮曡捣鑴�浣�銆傛槸涓�绋�鍤撮噸鎼嶅��銆傚湪鑴�浣嶇殑鍚屾檪杌熺祫绻旀悕鍌蜂害杓冨毚閲嶃�備笖甯稿悎骞跺叾瀹冮儴浣嶆垨澶氱櫦(f膩)鎼嶅偡銆傚洜姝ゆ偅鑰呭�氱偤娲诲嫊寰堝挤鐨勯潚澹�骞�銆備竴鑸�鍒嗙偤鍓嶃�佸悗鍙婁腑蹇冭劔浣�3绋�椤炲��銆傝劔浣嶅悗鑲￠�ㄩ牠浣嶄簬Nelaton绶氾紙楂傞�ㄥ墠涓婃�樿垏鍧愰�ㄧ祼绡�(ji茅)閫ｇ窔)涔嬪墠鑰呯偤鍓嶈劔浣�銆傝劔浣嶄簬瑭茬窔涔嬪悗鑰呯偤鍚庤劔浣嶃�傝偂楠ㄩ牠琚�鎿犲悜涓�绶�锛屾矕鐮撮珫鑷艰�岄�插叆楠ㄧ泦鑰呯偤涓�蹇冭劔浣�銆備笁绋�椤炲瀷涓�浠ュ悗鑴�浣嶆渶鐐哄父瑕�銆傞�欑ó鎼嶅偡鎳夋寜鎬ヨê铏曠悊锛屽京浣嶈秺鏃╂晥鏋滆秺濂姐��

銆愯ê鏂枫�戙��

銆�銆�鏈夋槑椤�澶栧偡鍙�锛屾偅铏曠柤鐥涙槑椤�锛屾椿鍕曞彈闄�?锛涜淳顏約鐭�锛岄珫闂滅瘈(ji茅)鍛堝眻鏇�銆佸収(n猫i)鏀�銆佸収(n猫i)鏃嬬暩鍨�?锛熺◢璋曞熬妫殿懠鐭�鎽�榫呭�撴檼绌穅锛屽ぇ绮楅殕涓婄Щ鏄庨’銆俋绶氭�㈡煡鍙�纰鸿ê銆�

銆愭不鐧傛帾鏂姐�戙��

銆�銆�1.鏂伴��鑴�浣嶇殑娌荤��

銆�銆�锛�1)鍚庤劔浣嶇殑寰╀綅鏂规硶

銆�?銆佽吵鏌兼煑菐藱igelow's娉�)

銆�銆�鍦ㄨ叞楹讳笅锛岀梾鍝′话鑷ワ紝鍔╂墜鍥哄畾楠ㄧ泦锛岄珫銆佽啙灞堟洸鑷�90搴�锛岃�撹�呬竴鎵嬫彙浣忔偅鑲㈣笣閮�锛屽彟涓�鍓嶈噦鏀惧湪鑵樼�╄檿鍚戜笂鐗藉紩锛岄枊濮嬪厛浣块珫闂滅瘈(ji茅)灞堟洸銆佸収(n猫i)鏀�銆佸収(n猫i)鏃嬶紙浣胯偂楠ㄩ牠闆㈤枊楂傞��)锛岀劧鍚庝竴闈㈡寔绾�(x霉)鐗藉紩锛屼竴闈㈠皣闂滅瘈(ji茅)澶栨棆銆佸�栧��銆佷几鐩�銆佷娇鑲￠�ㄩ牠婊戝叆楂栬嚰鑰屽京浣嶏紙鍔╂墜鍙�鍗�(xi茅)鍔╁皣鑲￠�ㄩ牠鎺ㄥ叆楂栬��)銆傚洜鐐哄京浣嶆檪鑲￠儴鐨勯�ｇ簩(x霉)鍕曚綔鍛堚�滐紵鈥濆舰锛屼技涓�鍟忚櫉锛屾晠绋扁�滃晱铏熸硶鈥濆京浣�锛屽乏鍋村悗鑴�寰╀綅鏅�锛岃偂閮ㄧ殑閫ｇ簩(x霉)鍕曚綔濡備竴鍊嬫�ｂ�滃晱铏熲��锛屽弽涔�锛屽彸鍋村悗鑴�浣嶇偤涓�鍙嶁�滃晱铏熲��銆�

銆�銆�鈶℃彁鎷夋硶锛圓llis娉�)

銆�銆�鎮ｈ�呬话鑷ワ紝鍔╂墜鐨勫嫊浣滃拰琛撹�呯殑浣嶇疆鍚屼笂娉曪紝寰╀綅鏅傝�撹�呭厛灏囨偅鍋撮珫鍜岃啙闂滅瘈(ji茅)灞堣嚦90掳锛屼娇楂傝偂闊屽付鍜岃啙灞堣倢鏉惧紱锛岀劧鍚庝竴鎵嬫彙浣忓皬鑵垮悜涓嬪��锛屽彟涓�鍓嶈噦濂椾綇鑶濆悗閮ㄥ悜涓婄壗鎷�锛屼娇鑲￠�ㄩ牠鍚戝墠绉讳綅鎺ヨ繎闂滅瘈(ji茅)鍥婂悗澹佺牬鍙ｏ紝鍚屾檪鍚戝収(n猫i)澶栨棆杞�(zhu菐n)鑲￠�ㄥ��锛屼娇鑲￠�ㄩ牠婊戝叆楂栬��锛屽姪鎵嬪彲鍚屾檪灏囪偂楠ㄩ牠鍚戦珫鑷兼帹鎿犲京浣�銆傚京浣嶆檪?锛熼檿鐗�浜よ殝姊版彮骞婚粻@闊胯伈銆傛�ゆ硶姣旇純瀹夊��銆�

銆�?銆佽箽鑷�缂撹煯濂跺箽?/span>

銆�銆�鍥哄畾锛氬京浣嶅悗鍙�鐢ㄥ柈鍋撮珫浜哄瓧鐭宠啅鍥哄��4锝�5鍛�锛堟垨骞宠嚗鐢ㄧ爞琚嬪浐瀹氭偅鑲�浣垮憟杓曞害澶栧睍鍏�(n猫i)鏃嬩綅)锛屼互鍚庡彲鏋舵嫄鏃╂湡娲诲嫊锛屼絾鎮ｅ伌涓嶈兘璨犻噸锛屽緟6锝�8鍛ㄥ悗锛岄�茶�孹绶氭�㈡��锛岄’绀虹劇鑲￠�ㄩ牠澹炴�绘檪鍐嶈矤閲嶈蛋璺�銆�

銆�?銆佽媮涓璯寰╀綅鐨勯仼鎳夌櫏

銆�銆�鎵嬫硶涓嶈兘寰╀綅锛屾噳鑰冩叜鍙婃檪鎵嬭�撳京浣�銆傞珫鑷间笂绶ｅぇ濉婇�ㄦ姌锛岄爤鎵嬭�撳京浣嶅苟浣滃収(n猫i)鍥哄畾銆�

銆�?銆�?)鍓嶈劔浣嶆不鐧傚師鍓囧悓鍓�锛屽儏鎵嬫硶鏂瑰悜鐩稿弽锛屽京浣嶅悗铏曠悊浜﹀悓銆�

銆�銆�锛�3)涓�蹇冭劔浣嶅疁鐢ㄩ�ㄧ壗寮曞京浣�锛岀壗寮�4锝�6鍛�銆傚�傛櫄鏈熺��(f膩)鐢熷毚閲嶇殑鍓�(chu脿ng)鍌锋�ч棞绡�(ji茅)鐐庯紝鍙�鑰冩叜浜哄伐闂滅瘈(ji茅)缃�鎻涜�撴垨闂滅瘈(ji茅)铻嶅悎琛�銆�

銆�銆�2.楂栭棞绡�(ji茅)闄宠垔鎬ц劔浣�锛屽洜楂栬嚰鍏�(n猫i)鍏呮豢绾栫董鐦㈢棔锛屽懆鍦嶈粺绲勭箶鏀ｇ府锛屾墜娉曞京浣嶄笉鏄撴垚鍔�?锛熺瓫槎�?j霉)鑴�浣嶆檪闁撱�佸眬閮ㄧ梾璁婂拰鍌峰摗鎯呮硜锛屾焙瀹氳檿鐞嗘柟娉�銆傝劔浣嶆湭瓒呴亷涓夊�嬫湀鑰�锛屾垨瑭﹁�屾墜娉曞京浣嶃�傚厛琛岄�ㄧ壗寮�1锝�2鍛�锛屽皣鑲￠�ㄩ牠鎷変笅鑷抽珫鑷肩罚锛屽啀鍦ㄩ夯閱変笅瑭﹁�岃紩绶╂墜娉曟椿鍕曢珫闂滅瘈(ji茅)锛屼互鏉捐В绮橀�ｏ紝鐛插緱鍏呭垎鏉惧嫊鍚庡啀鎸夋柊楫�鑴�浣嶇殑鎵嬫硶閫茶�屾暣寰�銆備絾鍒囧繉绮楁毚锛屼互鍏嶇櫦(f膩)鐢熼�ㄦ��銆傛墜娉曞京浣嶄笉鎴愬姛鎴栬劔浣嶅凡瓒呴亷涓夊�嬫湀鑰呮噳鎵嬭�撳京浣嶃�傚皪闂滅瘈(ji茅)闈㈢牬澹炲毚閲嶈�咃紝鍙�鏍规��(j霉)鎮ｈ�呰伔妤�(y猫)姹哄畾鍋氶珫闂滅瘈(ji茅)铻嶅悎琛撴垨浜哄伐闂滅瘈(ji茅)缃�鎻涜��銆�

銆愮梾鍥�?q奴)W銆戙��

銆�銆� 鑴�浣嶅垎鐐哄��銆佸悗鑴�浣嶅拰涓�蹇冭劔浣嶄笁绋�椤炲瀷锛屼互鍚庤劔浣嶆渶甯歌��銆傚悗鑴�浣嶆槸鐢变簬楂栭棞绡�(ji茅)鍦ㄥ眻鏇�銆佸収(n猫i)鏀讹紝鍙楀埌渚嗚嚜鑲￠�ㄩ暦杌告柟鍚戠殑鏆村姏锛屽彲浣块煂甯舵挄瑁傦紝鑲￠�ㄩ牠鍚戝悗绐佺牬闂滅瘈(ji茅)鍥婅�岄�犳垚鍚庤劔浣嶃�傝嫢楂栭棞绡�(ji茅)鍦ㄥ眻鏇插拰杓曞害鍏�(n猫i)鏀朵綅锛屽悓妯ｅ�栧姏鍙�浣块珫鑷奸爞閮ㄥ悗绶ｉ�ㄦ姌锛岃偂楠ㄩ牠鍚戝悗鑴�浣嶃�傚�傞珫闂滅瘈(ji茅)鍦ㄤ腑浣嶆垨杓曞害澶栧睍浣�锛屾毚鍔涘彲寮曡捣楂栬嚰楠ㄦ姌锛岃偂楠ㄩ牠娌块�ㄦ姌铏曞悜鐩嗚厰鏂瑰悜绉讳綅锛屽彨浣滀腑蹇冭劔浣嶏紝寰堝皯瑕嬨�傚�傞珫闂滅瘈(ji茅)铏曚簬澶栧睍浣�锛岃偂楠ㄥぇ绮楅殕鑸囬珫鑷间笂绶ｇ浉闋傛挒锛屼互姝ょ偤鏀�榛炵辜绾�(x霉)澶栧睍锛屾毚鍔涙部鑲￠�ㄩ牠闀疯桓娌栨搳锛屽彲鐧�(f膩)鐢熷墠鑴�浣嶃�傝偂楠ㄩ牠鍙�鍋滅暀鍦ㄩ枆瀛旀垨鎭ラ�ㄥ荡铏�銆傚�傚湪涓嬭共浣�锛屽叐鑵垮�栧睍锛岀��娲炲�掑�屾檪锛屼篃鍙�鐧�(f膩)鐢熷墠鑴�浣�?锛�?/span>

銆愯嚚搴婅〃鐝�(xi脿n)銆戙��

銆�銆�1. 鍚庤劔浣�

銆�銆�锛�1)楂栭棞绡�(ji茅)鍦ㄥ眻鏇插収(n猫i)鏀朵綅鍙楀偡鍙�銆�

銆�?銆�?)楂栭棞绡�(ji茅)鐤肩棝锛屾椿鍕曢殰绀欑瓑銆�

銆�?銆�?)鑴�浣嶇殑鐗规湁楂斿緛銆�楂栭棞绡�(ji茅)褰堟�у浐瀹氫簬灞堟洸銆佸収(n猫i)鏀�銆佸収(n猫i)鏃嬩綅锛岃冻灏栬Ц鍙婂仴鍋磋冻鑳�锛屾偅鑲㈠�栬��璁婄煭銆傝吂婧濋儴闂滅瘈(ji茅)绌鸿櫅锛岄珎楠ㄥ悗鍙�鎽稿埌闅嗚捣鐨勮偂楠ㄩ��銆傚ぇ杞�(zhu菐n)瀛愪笂绉�锛岄珮鍑洪珎鍧愮窔锛堥珎鍓嶄笂妫樿垏鍧愰�ㄧ祼绡�(ji茅)涔嬮�ｇ窔锛屽嵆Nelaton's line)銆�

銆�?銆�?)鏈夋檪骞剁櫦(f膩)鍧愰�ㄧ�炵稉(j墨ng)鎼嶅偡锛岄珫鑷煎悗涓婄罚楠ㄦ姌銆傛櫄鏈熷彲骞剁櫦(f膩)鑲￠�ㄩ牠澹炴��銆�

銆�銆�锛�5)X绶氭�㈡煡鍙�纰哄畾鑴�浣嶉�炲瀷鍙婇�ㄦ姌鎯呮��锛屽苟鑸囪偂楠ㄩ牳楠ㄦ姌閼掑垾銆�

銆�銆�2.鍓嶈劔浣嶆檪锛岄珫闂滅瘈(ji茅)鍛堝眻鏇�銆佸�栧��銆佸�栨棆鐣稿��锛屾偅鑲㈠緢灏戠煭绺�锛屽ぇ绮楅殕浜︾獊鍑�锛屼絾涓嶅�傚悗鑴�浣嶆檪鏄庨’锛屽彲浣嶄簬楂傚潗绶氫箣涓�锛屽湪闁夊瓟鍓嶅彲鎽稿埌鑲￠�ㄩ牠銆�

銆�銆�3.涓�蹇冭劔浣嶇暩褰�涓嶆槑椤�锛岃劔浣嶅毚閲嶈�呭彲鍑虹従(xi脿n)鎮ｈ偄绺�鐭�锛屼笅鑲㈠収(n猫i)鏃嬪収(n猫i)鏀�锛屽ぇ杞�(zhu菐n)瀛愰毐鑰屼笉鐝�(xi脿n)锛岄珫闂滅瘈(ji茅)娲诲嫊闅滅��銆傝嚚搴婁笂寰�寰�闇�缍�(j墨ng)X绶氭�㈡煡鍚庯紝鏂硅兘纰哄畾瑷烘柗銆傚父鍚堝苟楂栬嚰楠ㄦ姌锛屽彲鏈夊潗楠ㄧ�炵��(j墨ng)鍙婄泦鑵斿収(n猫i)鑷熷櫒鎼嶅偡锛屾櫄鏈熷彲骞剁櫦(f膩)鍓�(chu脿ng)鍌锋�ч棞绡�(ji茅)鐐庛��

銆愬苟鐧�(f膩)鐧ャ�戙��

銆�銆�鍧愰�ㄧ�炵稉(j墨ng)鎼嶅偡